Why do females live longer than males?

It has long been known that females tend to outlive males.  I have only to look at my own family’s history to see how that kept happening.  And apparently this also happens in a variety of other species as well. People have asked me “why?”  The best explanation seems to have to do with hormones and our old friends: longevity genes, antioxidants and mitochondria.  In this paper, the Spanish authors trace the phenomenon to “the beneficial action of estrogens, which bind to estrogen receptors and increase the expression of longevity-associated genes, including those encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. As a result, mitochondria from females produce fewer reactive oxygen species than those from males.”  Looking at rats, “Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in males is 4-fold higher than that in females(ref).”  Also see ref.  Estrogens are not particularly good for males.  However, I speculate we males might get some of the same longevity benefits by taking anti-oxidant combinations that strongly affect the mitochondria, like Co Q-10, actyl-l-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid(ref).

4 Responses to “Why do females live longer than males?”

  1. prophets says:

    what about isoflavones from soy? genistein from soy?

  2. admin says:

    Very interesting suggestions, prophet’s. Thanks for pointing it out. On the one hand, the estrogenic effect of genistein is reputed to be relatively weak, It is unclear whether this effect would enhance longevity in males via the pathway described above that normally works in women. Perhaps there might be some effect if someone consumed very large quantities of soy as is normal in some Asian countries. On the other hand soy isoflavones including genistein may ofer protection against cancers. Finally, genistein may have serious side effects. See http://www.sp.edu.sg/schools/cls/bioline_06.htm. On the whole I think it is fine to consume some soy products but I personally would hesitate to take concentrated soy isoflavones as a supplement

  3. Res says:

    Hi Vince

    FYI

    http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/longevity.htm

    There is a correlation between the size and the heart rate and the total heart beats and the life span of animals.

    I tried verymuch to see the heart rate and the resultant life span of storm petrels , without success.

    I wanted to see if the storm petrel beat this logic at all.

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